Compare Liechtenstein (2002) - Antigua and Barbuda (2002)

Compare Liechtenstein (2002) z Antigua and Barbuda (2002)

	Liechtenstein (2002)	Antigua and Barbuda (2002)

Administrative divisions	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz	6 parishes and 2 dependencies; Barbuda, Redonda, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip*
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003; female 3,001) 15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530; female 11,639) 65 years and over: 11.2% (male 1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 28% (male 9,618; female 9,293) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 22,695; female 22,682) 65 years and over: 4.7% (male 1,289; female 1,871) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products	cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
Airports	none (2001)	3 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 443 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km) land: 442 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering.	The Siboney were the first to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak and Carib Indians populated the islands when Columbus landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded by the English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.
Birth rate	11.24 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	18.84 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $123.7 million expenditures: $145.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital	Vaduz	Saint John's
Climate	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers	tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	0 km (doubly landlocked)	153 km
Constitution	5 October 1921	1 November 1981
Country name	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
Currency	Swiss franc (CHF)	East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate	6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	5.75 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$0 (1996) (2001)	$231 million (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein	the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda (embassy closed 30 June 1994); the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460 FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459	chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel Alexander HURST chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 362-5211 FAX: [1] (202) 362-5225 consulate(s) general: Miami
Disputes - international	Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918	none
Economic aid - recipient	none	$2.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.	Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction work. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for about one-third of all tourist arrivals.
Electricity - consumption	313.45 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	93 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	NA kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	232.847 million kWh NA kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	-	100 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% 98% nuclear: NA% other: NA% 2% (2001)	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Boggy Peak 402 m
Environment - current issues	NA	water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
Environment - international agreements	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%	black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Exchange rates	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)	East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since NA 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Lester Bryant BIRD (since 8 March 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Robin YEARWOOD cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
Exports	$2.47 billion (1996)	$40 million (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products	petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%
Exports - partners	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%	OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band	red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $674 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% 40% services: NA% (1999)	agriculture: 4% industry: 19% services: 77% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.)	purchasing power parity - $10,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	3.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	47 16 N, 9 32 E	17 03 N, 61 48 W
Geography - note	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation	Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor
Highways	total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km	total: 1,165 km paved: 384 km unpaved: 781 km note: it is assumed that the main roads are paved; the secondary roads are assumed to be unpaved (1995)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries	considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center
Imports	$917.3 million (1996)	$357 million (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles	food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
Imports - partners	EU countries, Switzerland	US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%
Independence	23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire	1 November 1981 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	6% (1997 est.)
Industries	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments	tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
Infant mortality rate	4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	21.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2001)	0.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation	CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO	ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000)	16 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht	Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Labor force	28,783 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day	30,000
Labor force - by occupation	industry, trade, and building 48%, services 51%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1% (37256 est.)	commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983) (1983)
Land boundaries	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (1998 est.)	arable land: 18.18% permanent crops: 0% other: 81.82% (1998 est.)
Languages	German (official), Alemannic dialect	English (official), local dialects
Legal system	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	based on English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 9 March 1999 (next to be held prior to March 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - ALP 53.2%, UPP 45.5%, independent 1.3%; seats by party - ALP 12, UPP 4, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.1 years male: 75.47 years female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)	total population: 71.02 years male: 68.72 years female: 73.45 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (1981 est.)	definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling total population: 89% male: 90% female: 88% (1960 est.)
Location	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland	Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
Map references	Europe	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 762 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,541,940 GRT/5,894,553 DWT ships by type: bulk 20, cargo 469, chemical tanker 9, combination bulk 4, container 202, liquefied gas 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 6, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 9, roll on/roll off 35 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 3, Colombia 1, Cuba 1, Estonia 1, Germany 747, Greece 1, Iceland 8, Latvia 1, Lebanon 2, Lithuania 1, Netherlands 22, New Zealand 2, Portugal 1, Slovenia 6, South Africa 1, Sweden 2, United Kingdom 1, United States 7 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland	-
Military branches	-	Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (including the Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA%
National holiday	Assumption Day, 15 August	Independence Day (National Day), 1 November (1981)
Nationality	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein	noun: Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s) adjective: Antiguan, Barbudan
Natural hazards	NA	hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
Natural resources	hydroelectric potential, arable land	NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
Net migration rate	4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-6.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]	Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - United National Democratic Party or UNDP, Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, and Progressive Labor Movement or PLM)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [William ROBINSON]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]
Population	32,842 (July 2002 est.)	67,448 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.94% (2002 est.)	0.69% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Saint John's
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	21,000 (1997)	36,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 18.5 km standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2001)	total: 77 km narrow gauge: 64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost exclusively for handling sugarcane) (2001 est.)
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)	Christian, (predominantly Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay	general assessment: NA domestic: good automatic telephone system international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
Telephones - main lines in use	20,072 (2000)	28,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	1,300 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)	2 (1997)
Terrain	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third	mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
Total fertility rate	1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.29 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	1.3% (1999)	7% (2000 est.)
Waterways	none	none

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